Εγκατάσταση / Αναβάθμιση WordPress με ανατροπή - VPS Bible # 15

Αυτό πώς-να καθοδηγεί χρήσεις Subversion να κάνετε λήψη & εγκατάσταση standalone blogs & WordPress plugins τους, γρήγορα και εύκολα από το Linux περιβάλλον γραμμής εντολών σας, με απλή ενημερώσεις στη συνέχεια. Επίσης, περιγράφει λεπτομερώς το WordPress MySQL βάση δεδομένων διαδικασία ρύθμισης.

Εντάξει, ομολογώ, είμαι προκατειλημμένη απέναντι WordPress! Και αυτός ο οδηγός είναι ένα τέλειο κατάλληλο για όσους επιθυμούν να ξεκινήσουν WP blog τους από ένα VPS με το γρηγορότερο χρόνο και έχουν σχεδιαστεί για τη μελλοντική θωράκιση.

Είπε ότι, εάν χρησιμοποιείτε μία από τις χιλιάδες άλλες πλατφόρμες που μπορεί να εγκατασταθεί χρησιμοποιώντας Subversion, η διαδικασία εγκατάστασης δεν είναι disimilar. Αν έχετε συγκεκριμένες ερωτήσεις, σχετικά με οποιαδήποτε πλατφόρμα, αφήστε ένα σχόλιο και θα προσπαθήσω να βοηθήσω. Ποιος ξέρει, μπορώ να γράψω ακόμη ένα συγκεκριμένο φροντιστήριο.

WordPressers - προετοιμασία για να αποθηκεύσετε δέσμες του χρόνου.

Βασική Web Server Προετοιμασία για WordPress

Στο Μέρος 8: FASTER VPS! Ρύθμιση PHP, MySQL & XCache, μεταξύ άλλων, τοποθετήσαμε Subversion. Στο Μέρος 11: Εγκατάσταση Nginx (καλύτερη από Apache ή Lighttpd) θα συσταθεί Nginx. Στο Μέρος 13: Ρύθμιση Nginx Multi-Site Virtual Hosts έχουμε ενισχυθεί η δομή του αρχείου Nginx και επιτρέπεται για πολυ-χώρο φιλοξενίας. Στο Μέρος 14: Εγκατάσταση WordPress για Nginx (FURLs & Cache), εμείς tweaked Nginx για τη βελτιστοποίηση της που εξυπηρετούν του WordPress. Εάν έχετε χάσει κάποια από αυτά, αναπολώ.

Μέχρι το τέλος του αυτό το σεμινάριο, θα έχουμε WordPress εργασίας. Γλυκά.

Εδώ οι απαιτήσεις σας: --

• δημιουργία της βάσης δεδομένων
• εγκαταστήσετε WordPress
• προσθήκη προτίμησε plugins
• εισαγωγής θέμα σας
• μεταφέρουν δεδομένα

Αν θέλετε ένα νέο ιστολόγιο, θα πραγματοποιήσει τα πρώτα τέσσερα από τα στάδια αυτά.

Ανοίξουν τερματικό πράγμα σας CLI. Εάν χρησιμοποιείτε τα Windows σε τοπικό επίπεδο και δεν το έχουν ήδη πράξει, να δημιουργήσουν διακομιστή απομακρυσμένης πρόσβασης, με ασφάλεια και να διευκολυνθεί η διαδικασία σύνδεσης σημαντικά. Για αυτό, διαβάστε Μέρος 3: Δημιουργία μιας απομακρυσμένης κρυπτογραφημένη σύνδεση & Μέρος 4: Στοιχεία & Απόκρυψη Σύνδεση Απλό - SSH & PuTTY.

... Αν και είμαι κακόκεφος, αν δεν έχετε ήδη, θα πρέπει επίσης να διενεργεί Μέρος 6: LINUX LOCK - SSH & μία iptables Firewall.

Απλά μια τελευταία σημείωση. throughout this guide. I παράδειγμα το Linux μου / MySQL username guvnr και ιστοσελίδα waywiderweb.com μου όλο αυτό τον οδηγό. Αντικαταστήστε αυτές τις αξίες με τις δικές σας

Δεξιά. Ready to roll.

Δημιουργήστε μια βάση δεδομένων MySQL για WordPress από τη γραμμή εντολών

Σύνδεση σε MySQL με: --

mysql -u root -p

Add your password, or the password we created when we installed MySQL in Part 8: FASTER VPS! Set Up PHP, MySQL & Xcache .

Now paste this lot, replacing your_wordpress_username , your_wordpress_password and wp_database_name with yours, and leaving the quote marks I've included for the password:-

grant all privileges on *.* to your_wordpress_username@localhost identified by "your_wordpress_password";
create database wp_database_name;
quit

Install WordPress on your Linux VPS Using Subversion

Let's go to the directory in which to install WordPress. I'm installing to my root directory, /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public , which I created in Part 13: Configure NGINX Multi-Site Virtual Hosts (the directory structure is explained most comprehensively in the video in Part 13.) If you want your blog to appear in a sub-directory, such as waywiderweb.com/blog, then use /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public/blog . Of course, change waywiderweb.com for your domain:-

cd /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public

If you created a test index.html file in Part 13: Configure NGINX Multi-Site Virtual Hosts , let's bin it:-

sudo rm index.html

Now we'll use the subversion command to install the latest version of WordPress. Ammend this version with any newer one. Leave the dot at the end, it's not a typo:-

sudo svn co http://svn.automattic.com/wordpress/tags/2.8.4 .

And create the WordPress config file:-

sudo mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Now let's connect the database. Open the WP config file:-

sudo nano wp-config.php

...and add the details you entered above into your new MySQL database. So, in the wp_config file, swap putyourdbnamehere , usernamehere and yourpasswordhere . Here's the original wp-config, before you change it:-

/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define('DB_NAME', 'putyourdbnamehere');

/** MySQL database username */
define('DB_USER', 'usernamehere');

/** MySQL database password */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'yourpasswordhere');

While you're in there, for added security, find:-

$table_prefix  = 'wp_';

...and swap wp_ to something unique.

Save and quit (CTRL-X, 'y' to confirm and hit Return.)

Run WordPress Install & Connect the MySQL Database

Open your blog in a browser, so for me, for instance, that's www.waywiderweb.com. Enter a few details, log in and change the password the WP installer gave the newly created Admin user. You should really delete Admin entirely and replace with another user, but that's another story.

Batch-install WordPress Plugins using Subversion

This bit really rocks my roger. If you've got a bunch of blogs with pretty much the same plugins, you may just save a month of Sundays here.

Back at the CLI, goto the plugin directory:-

cd /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public/wp-content/plugins

Let's edit our plugin list. Keep that dot:-

sudo svn propedit svn:externals .

OK, so there's only Akismet in there. Let's add some more. Go to the WordPress Subversion plugin repository and take your pick. For each plugin you have 2 download choices:-

• tags - stable releases by version, so choose generally the latest
• trunk - latest version, bleeding edge, occasionally buggy

Personally, I run the trunk versions, for the simple reason that I can install or upgrade all plugins by issuing a simple command, thereafter. If a plugin gives me any gip, I simply delete it and its reference in my svn WP plugins list, else I replace its trunk with a tag. Of course, if you use the tags option, you have to keep editing your plugins file, which largely negates having it in the first place.

So, here's an example externals file that I've thrown together. Note the name of each plugin before the link, 'cos you must have that identifier. If you followed Part 14: Setup WordPress on NGINX (FURLs & Cache), you'll notice I've included the WP Super Cache plugin:-

akismet http://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/akismet/trunk/
wp-phpmyadmin http://svn.wp-plugins.org/wp-phpmyadmin/
wp-super-cache http://svn.wp-plugins.org/wp-super-cache/trunk/

TIDY TIP: If you're happy with trunks, in the WP Sub Vers Repos, look down the list and right mouse click > Copy Link Location , then paste it to a text file, adding the name of the plugin before the link. Do that to as many plugins as you want, then simply paste /trunk at the end of each link. Then paste the lot to your svn plugins file. Much quicker. If you want tagged versions, it's the long way round, 'cos the tags differ. Then again, for some plugins, there is no svn listing at all, so those have to be included the old-fashioned way.

Right, with your plugins file edited, saved and closed, now type:-

sudo svn update

Take tea.

Import Your WordPress Theme

Set Linux Folder Permissions

If you didn't in Part 13: Configure NGINX Multi-Site Virtual Hosts , set your folder permissions, allowing SFTP access, substituting guvnr with your user name:-

sudo chown -R guvnr:webmasters /home/public_html

Add the theme

If you are using a regular theme, add it in the usual WordPress way.

Alternatively, if you want to use a previous, adapted theme:-

Open an SFTP client like FileZilla or WinSCP, browse to your remote themes directory - something like /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public/wp-content/themes/ - and upload your bespoke theme.

Either way, you can now enable the theme in the regular way, at http://your_blog.com/wp-admin/themes.php .

Relocate Your Existing WP Blog Data

...If you've got any to relocate! For new blogs, skip this bit.

You can do this by exporting from the old and importing into the new database. In my experience it's far easier to use WP's export/import tools, which also optimises the data.

Surf to your original blog:-

http://www.your_ORIGINAL_blog.com/wp-admin/export.php

...or Dashboard > Tools > Export .

And Download export file .

Now goto your new blog:-

http://www.your_ORIGINAL_blog.com/wp-admin/import.php

...or Dashboard > Tools > Import .

Click the WordPress option, choose the exported file and Upload file and import . Prompted, check the box Download and import file attachments .

If you receive any errors, that's probably a permissions problem. For example, I got this:-

Unable to create directory /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public/wp-content/uploads/2009/04. Is its parent directory writable by the server?

...So we'll take ownership of the directory:-

sudo chown -R guvnr:webmasters /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com
sudo chmod -R g+w /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com

And now have another go with Upload file and import , opting for our user imports and checking the box Download and import file attachments .

If you'd prefer to relocate select data, there's always wp-phpmyadmin .

Activating WP Super Cache

Activate in the usual WordPress way, and cash in on the groundwork of Part 13: Configure NGINX Multi-Site Virtual Hosts . Cash in, geddit! Sorry.

Updating WordPress Plugins

While 2.7 brought in some top functionality with the WordPress auto-updating, pretty much negating using Subversion to update the platform or plugins, there will be occasions when it's still faster to upgrade plugins this way.

Particularly this will be the case after a platform upgrade, when plugins race to bring out updates, they can be upgraded together using Subversion:-

sudo svn update

Sending Live a Relocated WordPress Blog

Refer to Part 19: Moving Day! How to Move Your Blog or Site for the best way to do this, with the least downtime or other sticky problems.

Rinse & Repeat

Follow this process for your entire blog farm.

Just Round the Corner

For WordPress, that's all the specifics taken care of, I think. You tell me, what have I forgotten? Lemme know and I'll write it up.

More generally, I'll wrap up the series - Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. The VPS Bible - by showing how and why to setup Google Apps in Part 17: Google Apps for Domain-Specific Email , which keeps our VPS server resources jealously focussed on our sites and blogs, before running down the all-important moving day checklist mentioned above. Then there'll be a handy backup guide before linking a heap of top resources for Linux newbies in Part 20: Blogroll, Links, Credits, Resources .

Guess what...

cd /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public/wp-content/plugins

sudo svn propedit svn:externals .

akismet http://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/akismet/trunk/
wp-phpmyadmin http://svn.wp-plugins.org/wp-phpmyadmin/
wp-super-cache http://svn.wp-plugins.org/wp-super-cache/trunk/

sudo svn update

sudo chown -R guvnr:webmasters /home/public_html

Unable to create directory /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com/public/wp-content/uploads/2009/04. Is its parent directory writable by the server?

sudo chown -R guvnr:webmasters /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com
sudo chmod -R g+w /home/public_html/waywiderweb.com

sudo svn update