Yüklemek NGINX (Apache veya Lighttpd daha) iyi - VPS İncil Pt 11

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Set Yönetilmeyen VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 11: Nginx Up (Apache dışında) Web Sunucusu daha iyi

Mayıs 12

Installing & Nginx web sunucu, verdiği varsayılan dosya yapısı yapılandırırken, daha sonra sembolik link ile vhost dosya kurma bu kopyala / yapıştır nasıl yapılır konusudur. Ki ben CLI ve açıklayacağım açılması.

Bu yüzden bir yıldız cazibe yüklemek için, Nginx ( "motoru telaffuz-x") hazırsınız. Ama neden? Apache en iyi web sunucu değil mi?

Apache de yıl, hem lokal hem de uzak bilgisayarlar üzerinde, bana hizmet vermiştir ve halen pek çok büyük siteler için arzulanan bir seçimdir.

Fakat, Ubuntu, Firefox ve jQuery gibi kinda, orada şehir yeni bir çocuk, ve, yapılandırmak ve kullanımı basit, daha küçük ve daha hızlı hizmet vermek. Nginx web sunucusu girin.

Set bir Yönetilmeyen VPS (4 Newbies) .. Up VPS İncil

20 copy / paste adımlar .. sıfır kahraman kadar, için boş kutu Linux sunucu cute-gibi.

Scroll down tam dizi indeksi için.

So, hey, & viva! Umarım sanal paylaşılan kulübe yardımcı olur. The_guv

Video: & Sunucu Yapılandırma Nginx Web yükleyin

Bunun nasıl daha iyi bir fikir için İzle, er, guvideo.

Kontrol http://youtube.com/guvnrDOTcom de the_guv's YouTube kanal çıkışı

... ya da o, ya da bile olabilir, burada ayrıntı rahatsız edilemez ...

Neden Nginx seç? Neden Apache veya Lighttpd?

Ben bir uzman olarak, profesörlük yapmak olan ultra araştırdı sadece birini-iyice. Ben iki en, en iyi hangi geekdom tüm titreyerek bir web sunucuları, Apache ve Lighttpd ve genç Türk alternatif Nginx, kurulan popüler öncelikle üzerinde yoğunlaştı. Burada önemli bulguların bir özeti: --

Apache, kullanılmayan modülleri yükleme bloatware olduğunu atık kaynakları
Lighttpd kaçakları RAM kötü
Nginx kriterler en hızlı, en az kaynak kullanarak

Ben kaynak için bu hafif sunucusu kullanıyorum ağır WordPress blog, guvnr.com, ve katı performans etkilendim. Da önemlisi, yoksa bu eğilimi gibi Windows, Apache çok acı, sadece gerekmeyen hizmetleri bir grup çalışan tarafından kaynakların israf ile.

Için söz almayın. Yapmanız gerekir, çünkü herhangi bir kriter testleri değil. Apache gibi Google şey Nginx "veya Nginx Lighttpd vs ve okudum vs. Ve işte Nginx wiki's.

Son Nginx Sürüm Başlarken

, Linux yazılım yüklemek için iki yol; tümleşik yükleme araçları veya sourcecode dan kullanıyorsunuz.

Normal olarak, dahili, Linux yükleyici 'yetenek', ancak bu bizim VPS böyle önemli bir bileşenidir, nasıl bir kaynaktan yüklemeye göstermek gidiyorum gibi bir şey kullanarak yükleyin. Bu yöntem biraz uzun sürer, ancak bizim kadar çok daha gerekecek güncel sürümü it's worth it.

.. Bir web sunucusu ile, köşeleri kesme olmamalıdır. Sarı bir Ferrari satın alma gibi olacaktır.

Ilk yukarıya, bazı bağımlılık dosyalar gerekmektedir: --

sudo aptitude -y install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libssl-dev zlib1g-dev

And to create a directory in which to store the Nginx package:-

mkdir ~/sources

Change to that directory:-

cd ~/sources/

Now we get the latest stable Nginx release, nginx-0.7.62 *.

* As of September 2009, edited by the_guv. You should still check it is still the latest, here , and ammend the filename accordingly:-

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.62.tar.gz

Unzip it:-

tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.62.tar.gz

Go into the new unzipped folder:-

cd nginx-0.7.62

Installing and Testing Nginx

Compile with two options; where to install it, and including 'ssl' (to enable 'https' for secure connections, ie shopping and stuff):-

./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin --with-http_ssl_module

Install this baby:-

make
sudo make install

Kick it up:-

sudo /usr/local/sbin/nginx

And test it by popping your IP address in a web browser. You should see "Welcome to nginx!"

Now stop it:-

sudo kill `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

Have Nginx Start, Restart or Stop When Required

This is important, for example, upon reboot. We need a script for this. Create a file:-

sudo nano /etc/init.d/nginx

And paste this within:-

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
fi

set -e

case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;

  restart|force-reload)
        echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
                /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON
        sleep 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
                /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  reload)
      echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
      start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
          --exec $DAEMON
      echo "$NAME."
      ;;
  *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

Then give the file permissions and make the script run on reboot, else start/stop/restart when required:-

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults

nginx.conf - Configuring Nginx

Now open the Nginx configuration file:-

sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

...and strip out all the content, delete the lot. CTRL-K is the easy way to do that, if you were wondering.

And replace with this:-

user www-data www-data;
worker_processes  4;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush      on;
    tcp_nodelay     off;
    keepalive_timeout  5;

    gzip  on;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types      text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    include /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

Creating the Virtual Host File Structure & Symlinks

The Nginx file structure is pretty messy for multiple sites, so we'll sort that.

First, layout some new folders:-

sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-available
sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled

...the first is for our virtual host (vhost) files, the second for their corresponding symlinks which will be referenced by Nginx' config file.

What are vhosts & symlinks?

You have one of each per domain, and one of each for the default settings.

The symlink, or symbolic link, references the web server to the virtual host file.

The vhost file is a configuration file. It tells the web server, for example, things like where the web files live or the kind of URI structure you want.

For now, we need a default vhost file, and that goes in the sites-available folder. So:-

sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/default

Now paste this:-

server  {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
            
            location /  {
                    root   html;
                    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
       			   }
                       
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html 
            		   {
            			root   html;
            		   }
		}

And enable it with this symlink:-

sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/default

Boot it up again:-

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

...and check for that "Welcome..." page again, using your IP in a web browser.

Splendid. All pretty. And pretty well organised.

Moving Along

So that's Nginx up and running.

In Part 12 of this series Set Up an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) I'm taking a quick detour, setting up FileZilla so we've got a Secure FTP (SFTP) connection. That'll be handy to help demonstrate Part 13, when we create another folder structure, this time for our sites and blogs, and pop up a couple of test pages.

Then, in Part 13, I'll show you how to use Subversion to more easily install and upgrade platforms and their modules/plugins. I'll example the popular WordPress scenario - and while we're about it we'll sort out WordPress caching and friendly-URLs.

And then, this, that, the other. Cue index ..

SETUP an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. The V-P-S Bible

Serve multi sites & blogs on a budget .. at the fastest possible speed .. with the least downtime .. in the most secure environment .. and future-proofed for easy admin.

That's what the VPS Bible is about, stepped out in simple copy & paste guides.

From high traffic WordPress blogs to startup web hosts, here's what you need.

Set it up? Click here for the 21 part follow-up .. V-P-S Admin

Intro: Set Up an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. The V-P-S Bible

* Includes video tutorial.

Not linked = not published. Won't be long. Fix a feed for updates.

If you liked that ...

Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 13: Serve Multiple Sites & Blogs with Virtual Hosts

Now to add sites & blogs to our powerful web server, using vhost (virtual host) files and symlinks. We'll create a site file structure, add users with groups & permissions, tweak Nginx with FastCGI [...]
Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 14: Tweak Nginx for WordPress - Pretty URLs & WP Super Cache

For the blog platform WordPress to work properly with Nginx we need to tweak the web server configuration. This tutorial will enable both caching - integrating the WP Super Cache plugin - and activate pretty [...]
Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 10: Prepare Linux Server for Email with Postfix
In this tutorial we'll configure an email function for the VPS. That's not to turn this Linux system into a mail server .. but to allow our web apps to be able to send and automate outgoing email. If you recall Ilk yukarıya, bazı bağımlılık dosyalar gerekmektedir: --
```
sudo aptitude -y install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libssl-dev zlib1g-dev
```
And to create a directory in which to store the Nginx package:-
```
mkdir ~/sources
```
Change to that directory:-
```
cd ~/sources/
```
Now we get the latest stable Nginx release, nginx-0.7.62 *.

* As of September 2009, edited by the_guv. You should still check it is still the latest, here , and ammend the filename accordingly:-
```
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.62.tar.gz
```
Unzip it:-
```
tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.62.tar.gz
```
Go into the new unzipped folder:-
```
cd nginx-0.7.62
```
Installing and Testing Nginx

Compile with two options; where to install it, and including 'ssl' (to enable 'https' for secure connections, ie shopping and stuff):-
```
./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin --with-http_ssl_module
```
Install this baby:-
```
make
sudo make install
```
Kick it up:-
```
sudo /usr/local/sbin/nginx
```
And test it by popping your IP address in a web browser. You should see "Welcome to nginx!"

Now stop it:-
```
sudo kill `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
```
Have Nginx Start, Restart or Stop When Required

This is important, for example, upon reboot. We need a script for this. Create a file:-
```
sudo nano /etc/init.d/nginx
```
And paste this within:-
```
#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
fi

set -e

case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;

  restart|force-reload)
        echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
                /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON
        sleep 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
                /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  reload)
      echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
      start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
          --exec $DAEMON
      echo "$NAME."
      ;;
  *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0
```
Then give the file permissions and make the script run on reboot, else start/stop/restart when required:-
```
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
```
nginx.conf - Configuring Nginx

Now open the Nginx configuration file:-
```
sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
```
...and strip out all the content, delete the lot. CTRL-K is the easy way to do that, if you were wondering.

And replace with this:-
```
user www-data www-data;
worker_processes  4;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush      on;
    tcp_nodelay     off;
    keepalive_timeout  5;

    gzip  on;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types      text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    include /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
```
Creating the Virtual Host File Structure & Symlinks

The Nginx file structure is pretty messy for multiple sites, so we'll sort that.

First, layout some new folders:-
```
sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-available
sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled
```
...the first is for our virtual host (vhost) files, the second for their corresponding symlinks which will be referenced by Nginx' config file.

What are vhosts & symlinks?

You have one of each per domain, and one of each for the default settings.

The symlink, or symbolic link, references the web server to the virtual host file.

The vhost file is a configuration file. It tells the web server, for example, things like where the web files live or the kind of URI structure you want.

For now, we need a default vhost file, and that goes in the sites-available folder. So:-
```
sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/default
```
Now paste this:-
```
server  {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
            
            location /  {
                    root   html;
                    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
       			   }
                       
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html 
            		   {
            			root   html;
            		   }
		}
```
And enable it with this symlink:-
```
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/default
```
Boot it up again:-
```
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
```
...and check for that "Welcome..." page again, using your IP in a web browser.

Splendid. All pretty. And pretty well organised.

Moving Along

So that's Nginx up and running.

In Part 12 of this series Set Up an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) I'm taking a quick detour, setting up FileZilla so we've got a Secure FTP (SFTP) connection. That'll be handy to help demonstrate Part 13, when we create another folder structure, this time for our sites and blogs, and pop up a couple of test pages.

Then, in Part 13, I'll show you how to use Subversion to more easily install and upgrade platforms and their modules/plugins. I'll example the popular WordPress scenario - and while we're about it we'll sort out WordPress caching and friendly-URLs.

And then, this, that, the other. Cue index ..
SETUP an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. The V-P-S Bible

Serve multi sites & blogs on a budget .. at the fastest possible speed .. with the least downtime .. in the most secure environment .. and future-proofed for easy admin.

That's what the VPS Bible is about, stepped out in simple copy & paste guides.

From high traffic WordPress blogs to startup web hosts, here's what you need.

MAINTAIN an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. V-P-S ADMIN

Congratulations! You have one humdinger of a web server! If you followed the Bible to a T, it's speedy, solid & secure.

But. As explained in Part 16 , the Nginx web server has no compatible control panel .. yet. Then again, even if it did, do you really want the resource drain?

In the VPS Admin series is every maintenance procedure you'll need to know. And, hey, using these is a darn sight faster than using a control panel anyhow.

Set it up? Click here for the 21 part follow-up .. V-P-S Admin

Go back? Click here for the original series .. The V-P-S Bible
1. Intro: Set Up an Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. The V-P-S Bible
1. Intro: Maintain Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. V-P-S Admin
1. Add Web Sites Nginx Cheatsheet
2. Adding Sub-Domains with Nginx
3. MySQL Database Maintenance - Terminal Tips
4. Add/Delete MySQL Database from Command Line
5. phpMyAdmin & Nginx to Maintain Databases
6. Backup/Export MySQL DB with CLI & mysqldump
7. Import Data to MySQL Database from Terminal
8. Batch Replace/Delete Data in MySQL Database
9. Reset a Lost MySQL Password
10. Backup or Upload with Secure Copy SCP (Linux/Linux)
11. Backup or Upload with PuTTY PSFTP (Windows/Linux)
12. Gain Benefit From Parked Domains
13. Password Protect Nginx Web Files/Directories
14. Redirect Web Pages with Nginx Rewrite Rule
15. Create Custom Website Error Page
16. Access Web Site Error Logs
17. Set up Cron Jobs
18. Using Network Tools
19. Hotlink Protect (Bandwidth)
20. IP Deny to Block Access with Nginx
21. Subversion vs Fantastico - Platform Update
1. Something missing? Crack out a comment and let me know.
1. * Includes video tutorial.
2. Not linked = not published. Won't be long. Fix a feed for updates.
If you liked that ...
- Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 13: Serve Multiple Sites & Blogs with Virtual Hosts
  
  Now to add sites & blogs to our powerful web server, using vhost (virtual host) files and symlinks. We'll create a site file structure, add users with groups & permissions, tweak Nginx with FastCGI [...]
- Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 14: Tweak Nginx for WordPress - Pretty URLs & WP Super Cache
  
  For the blog platform WordPress to work properly with Nginx we need to tweak the web server configuration. This tutorial will enable both caching - integrating the WP Super Cache plugin - and activate pretty [...]
- Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 10: Prepare Linux Server for Email with Postfix
  
  In this tutorial we'll configure an email function for the VPS. That's not to turn this Linux system into a mail server .. but to allow our web apps to be able to send and automate outgoing email. If you recall [...]
- Maintain Unmanaged VPS - Part 5: Get phpMyAdmin Working with Nginx
  
  How to install PMA with Nginx, to administer multiple MySQL dbs from anywhere. View table structure, browse data, run queries, backup and more. Adding phpMyAdmin to the Nginx web server is very like adding a [...]
- Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 1: VPS (Virtual Private Server) vs Shared vs Dedicated
  
  Outgrown shared hosting? Under-using dedicated? Considering leaving managed to save costs? Need a custom solution? Or just want to set up your own server at a reasonable outlay? So you're considering VPS, [...]
- Set Up Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) - Part 17: Nginx Control Panel Workarounds
  
  No viable panel, huh? OK, so we'll use some super-cool workarounds. Every cPanel module is listed here, together with the copy/paste code for the Nginx-equivalent alternate function. With no feasible control [...]
... maybe you'll like these?
Posted on Tuesday, May 12th, 2009

Tags: Guvnr-news , web-design

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1. Install/Upgrade WORDPRESS with SUBVERSION - VPS Bible #15 - GUVNR June 9th, 2009 at 11:38 am
  
  [...] Part 11: * Nginx (better than Apache) Web Server [...]
2. Configure NGINX Multi-Site Virtual Hosts - VPS Bible Pt 13 - GUVNR June 9th, 2009 at 11:38 am
  
  [...] Part 11: * Nginx (better than Apache) Web Server [...]
3. mnyman June 10th, 2009 at 6:34 pm
  
  This has been really amazing, so thanks a bunch.
  
  For those of us who are completely new at this, I get a warning when I "boot it up again" that says:
  
  Starting nginx: [warn]: duplicate MIME type "text/html" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:21
  
  Looking in the file, I couldn't find anything duplicating. Do you know why this would happen? Having errors like these explained is especially comforting when we don't fully understand what is going on. Thanks again for all your work on this.
4. the_guv June 10th, 2009 at 11:10 pm
  
  Hi Mnyman,
  
  Hmmn, sorry to say, looks like you've made a typo. Unless .. is there any discrepancy between what I have set down from the start to where you are, and what you have done?
  
  Tell you what though .. click on Contact and send me an email with the content of nginx.conf, and I'll take a look.
5. crazeworthy June 23rd, 2009 at 10:13 am
  
  The problem is with line 20, there is a carriage return which puts application/xml+rss text/javascript; in a separate line. That conflicts with the include mime.types;
  
  Just make sure that is removed and I think it should go smoothly. This is a great write up guv!
6. Matt June 23rd, 2009 at 4:24 pm
  
  Great series!
  Wanted to let you know that the install step didn't work for me. Used instruction here: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-install-nginx-webserver-in-ubuntu-804-hardy-heron.html and it worked.
  I'm definitely not saying your wrong (I'm the definition of a newbie) but wanted to let you know.
  Thanks for a great tutorial!
7. crazeworthy June 23rd, 2009 at 5:23 pm
  
  Previous comment was incorrect see link below:
  
  http://forum.slicehost.com/comments.php?DiscussionID=3763
8. the_guv June 25th, 2009 at 1:42 pm
  
  @crazeworthy - pleased you sorted that. tx for the tx!
  @matt - aye, me likes the ubuntu geek. dunno what went wrong for you, this method sure worked in testing, twice or thrice can be a bit fiddly though. pay attention m8!
  @all - 1 tip .. don't try to copy the code direct from the post .. there's an icon at the top right of each code box, next to the printer icon. Click on that, and then copy/paste from there.
  
  All that said, damn, any probs, lemme know.
  
  ***
  UPDATE, FIX! RE: Nginx Warning on Start/Restart. Sorry folks, there was a mistake in the nginx.conf file, which was throwing a Warning (not an error, but annoying all the same.)
  
  If you really wanna know, I had a duplicate MIME type "text/html" in the conf .. duplicate because the GZIP engine GZIP-ed that MIME type anyway, so it wasn't needed to be repeated in the conf. Anyhow, sorted.
9. oligolli June 27th, 2009 at 11:18 pm
  
  Thanks for all these tuts, really helped a newbie here.
  
  I'm a bit stuck with the permissions on the /wp-content/uploads folder. I admit I didn't follow your tutorials to the letter, mainly because I am using Centos, but the Nginx user (www-data in your example) confuses me a little.
  
  Should the Nginx user be the owner of the uploads folder or in the same "webmasters" group?
10. Samuel July 6th, 2009 at 4:29 pm
  
  When trying to start nginx using sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start I get the following error:
  
  Starting nginx: start-stop-daemon: --start needs --exec or --startas
  Try `start-stop-daemon --help' for more information.
  
  :'(
11. the_guv July 7th, 2009 at 5:12 am
  
  @ollygolli .. really depends what you want to do, but probably I could have been clearer about permissions.
  
  a simple scheme would be to add your username to nginx' www-data group, while owning the html_public directory and within. for that, do this:-
  
  usermod -G www-data username
  sudo chown -R username:www-data /home/public_html/
  
  or if you've got a bunch of sites for different users, chown username:www-data within their public folders, recursively:-
  
  sudo chown -R username:www-data /home/public_html/somedomain.com/public
  
  @Samuel .. real sorry, can't replicate that error. have you followed the series, sounds like your setup is different somehow.
  
  @Samuel .. CORRECTION. more sorry! was a new plugin playing havoc. sorted now. apologies all.
12. gordon yeong July 17th, 2009 at 1:39 pm
  
  nah this still doesn't work even when i joined lines 21 and 20 into line 20.
  
  #
  #
  
  crazeworthy June 23rd, 2009 at 10:13 am
  
  The problem is with line 20, there is a carriage return which puts application/xml+rss text/javascript; in a separate line. That conflicts with the include mime.types;
  
  Just make sure that is removed and I think it should go smoothly. This is a great write up guv!
13. the_guv July 19th, 2009 at 11:32 am
  
  @Gordon .. probably nothing to do with carriage return. what's not working .. as much info as you can and I'll try to help you isolate the problem or, if you sorted the issue, let us know how.
  
  @Crazeworthy .. tx for the tip .. carriage rtn removed.
14. Patrick August 26th, 2009 at 4:55 am
  
  Hello The_Guv,
  
  I have problems with wordpress mu and the rewrite rules for nginx
  
  I tried a lot of different codes but anything is work.
  
  http://mu.wordpress.org/forums/topic/3410
  
  I was making the chances in sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/sites-available/default
  
  My wordpress mu blog is in the root http://www.blognetwerk.net/blogs/
  
  I hope you can help me.
15. the_guv August 26th, 2009 at 12:29 pm
  
  @Patrick .. read the comments from Trav19 on Setup WordPress on NGINX (FURLs & Cache) - VPS Bible Pt 13 .. I've not had time to play properly with my MU install yet, but think Travis found the answer.
  
  Let me know how you get on. In fact, print the rule! And if it doesn't work, let me know and I'll have a think.
16. Pierre September 2nd, 2009 at 10:23 am
  
  If you are a programmer, have a look at the source code.
  
  Nginx is simply clearer than others, better engineered and stronger. It is made by more experienced people than all the others I have seen.
  
  In my humble opinion, that's a piece of Art (and I know one thing or two on the subject).
  
  Pierre.
17. Wai Wong September 16th, 2009 at 6:01 am
  
  Is there a proper way to update nginx? Initially I installed with Nginx 0.7.61, the latest is now Nginx 0.7.62. I want to make sure I don't mess anything up.
  
  thanks,
18. the_guv September 16th, 2009 at 5:48 pm
  
  @Pierre .. big cheers, Sir. That's quite a project you've got there with G-WAN, BTW. Dunno I can wean off PHP quite so easily tho
  
  @Wai .. You've got a point .. it's a pretty complex procedure to sum up quickly, but very important to add .. I'll add a guide on how to upgrade next week .. that's a promise.
  
  [edit] sorry Wai .. I broke the promise. Then again, I also busted my motherboard I do have this on teh list though, for the VPS ADMIN series ..
  
  Maintain Unmanaged VPS (4 Newbies) .. V-P-S Admin
  
  .. along with some additions to the Bible's sequel. On the way .. [/edit]
19. the_guv September 24th, 2009 at 2:15 pm
  
  IMPORTANT NGINX UPGRADE ANNOUNCEMENT
  
  @everyone ..
  
  .. bozo-here upgraded the Bible last week to reflect the latest Nginx stable release - 0.7.62 - then forgot to mention it.
  
  Apologies for any confusion to those folks who wondered why the version had changed overnight, and what if anything that meant ..
  
  Actually, the change did impact one thing. In the section Serve Multiple Sites & Blogs with Virtual Hosts , a fastCGI shared library file became obsolete, now replaced by another, but anyone installing from this guide would have been prompted about this newly recommended file .. I know because I've tested it, and have had confirmation from Zereshk who followed this guide and kindly nudged me to amend that post, which I have.
  
  NOW FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT BIT
  
  Future note: As Nginx or other key application stable releases are upgraded, I'll be amending the Bible accordingly, the changes tested each time. Also, for the record, and as has been rightly requested by one or two folks, I'll be adding a How to Upgrade Nginx Safely guide in the VPS Admin section, pretty shortly, so watch for that .
  
  Cheers all.
20. Anonymous October 13th, 2009 at 5:05 am
  
  I would like to point out that WordPress.com actually uses LiteSpeed for a backend. nginx is still the best lightweight frontend in my opinion.
21. the_guv October 13th, 2009 at 11:31 am
  
  @anon .. thank you. I stand corrected, as is the post. I think this clears it up.
  
  Intriguingly, stated in this post, "we are not using nginx as a web server currently, but may switch at some point."
  
  WordPress uses Nginx, currently, for their load-balancing.
22. thanh November 4th, 2009 at 11:06 pm
  
  how do you go about upgrading to newer versions of nginx?
23. JIm Davis November 11th, 2009 at 3:25 pm
  
  I have been using your online tutorial ... all is going well with one exception. When I issue the n2r
  nginx stops but does restart ... the following error message is issued instead (see below). Since I am newbie am not sure how to correct this problem.
  
  permission denied when trying to open a error log file at "/user/local/nginx/logs/error.log" error 13
  
  It has something to do with not having master privileges. FYI I did work through all of the preceeding tutorial including creating my user name and aliases.
  
  Thank you for effort ... very good job
  
  Jim
24. agus November 12th, 2009 at 2:54 am
  
  Hey Guv,
  
  Cant wait for your guide on upgrading Nginx... I really need to get rid of 502 bad gateway problem with my site (this happens when the site gets very busy, and when this happens I have to reboot my server)
  
  I am not sure upgrading will fix it, since it is really fastCGI problem if I am correct...
  
  thanks!
  agus
25. the_guv November 12th, 2009 at 6:33 am
  
  @thanh & @agus .. sure, this guide is overdue .. bear with me, I've got a lot on at the mo but this should be done by the end of the month.
  
  thank you, everyone, for your patience .. the Bible's taken a lot longer, well, months and more months longer, than I'd anticipated.
  
  .. then again, hopefully it's better, more detailed than ever, at least, than I thought it would be, and as I said in VPS Bible Reflects New Nginx/WordPress Versions, with Future Commitment , now it looks like I'll never really finish it, just keep upgrading and adding to it, whether focusing on Nginx or other web servers, and also considering other VPS solutions .. I've got a bug about proxying in particular and, hey Agus this may help you, I've got a plan to test and write about a fastCGI alternative pretty shortly.
  
  And then, quite aside from VPS stuff, I wanna be writing more about Linux Desktop solutions, and basically to encourage people to ditch that passe sh1te that is Windows .. and that's what The 25-Part Ubuntu KARMIC KOALA BIBLE was about .. terribly populist I know, and yes I am a cynical populist (damn, I used to write for the BBC, how cynical is that place!) .. er, it worked .. I'm getting published in a massive online place on 20th this month and, that aside, traffic quadrupled overnight, which was like a shot in the arm.
  
  .. And I wanna be writing more about making the most of the web , as opposed to just writing about making the web .. so stuff like how to Twitter effectively or into using some of the best Firefox addons for fun and productivity .. but also stuff like how to SEO (Google loves my SEO) and loads on WordPress .. plus a few laughs here and there. So that's quite a lot, huh, and that's just about this site!
  
  Hey folks .. let me know .. throw me some feedback .. I know I'm gaining some loyal community out there, born largely out of this VPS Bible, and I don't want to turn my back on or somehow abuse that. This is my first blog, and its direction is still evolving, and I have a lot to learn.
  
  And re the Nginx upgrade piece, bear with me, for sure it is about time done! Er, yeah, that was the point of this reply, huh .. got ranting a bit .. you should hear me watching the news ..
26. agus November 14th, 2009 at 3:42 am
  
  Thanks Guv... your a good man!
27. eran November 16th, 2009 at 9:51 pm
  
  Hi
  
  Many thanks for the site
  
  Eran
28. the_guv November 18th, 2009 at 11:33 am
  
  @eran .. You're welcome, thanks for the thanks.
29. Dimitris November 30th, 2009 at 4:19 pm
  
  I follow the tutorial on my Centos 64 server and i stuck there:
  sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
  
  command not found
  
  I try it also as i am root:
  
  /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
  
  but again the same error
30. the_guv December 7th, 2009 at 9:58 am
  
  @Dimitris .. sure, this guide is for Debian Linux, using Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Long Term Support)
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